The Great Gatsby By F. Fitzgerald - 906 Words

In this day and age, money is such an important asset to have. One needs money to take care of them self and live on this earth. In the Great Gatsby, by Thomas F. Fitzgerald, having a large sum of money just isn’t enough. In this novel, money symbolizes a social evil and it corrupts people with wealth and ultimately destroys their life. Desire is an unavoidable instinct of human nature. This instinctive behavior will continue whether or not the person fulfills their initial desire. Our desires are proportionate to the possessions we own and accumulate over time. In the Great Gatsby, Jay Gatsby follows his dreams of becoming wealthy and succeeds. He is able to buy anything money can buy. His desire of Daisy causes him to spend tremendous†¦show more content†¦Tom is a prime example of an East Egger who has inherited quite a lot of â€Å"old† money. Gatsby is a West Egger who by bootlegging and doing favors for others acquired â€Å"new† money. During the 1 920s, the conservative â€Å"old rich† despised the â€Å"new rich†. The â€Å"new rich† enjoys displaying their wealth in grand ways that the conservative didn’t approve of. Gatsby always wanted to be wealthy and achieves this and hopes to win Daisy over with this â€Å"new money†. Gatsby has an obsession with the past and believes he can achieve what he had with Daisy five years with his wealth. Obviously this isn’t possible to do and Nick tries to tell him this plenty of times but Gatsby chooses not to listen. He owns a huge mansion but is the only person living in it with a few servants as well. Gatsby uses the house attempting to win happiness and respect from others. He tries to buy his happiness with over the top parties he throws at his home every weekend. The expensive items he buys aren’t just for his happiness but something to lure Daisy to him. His house happens to be across from Daisy’s. Her house is only visible a t night by a green light at the end of her dock. The green light symbolizes Jay’s attempt to recreate the past love for Daisy. After Gatsby and Daisy reunite it is extremely awkward but they hit it off and he invites her to his place so he can impress her with his wealth and expenses. Daisy is very fascinated by his wealth and possessions and they have an

In The Year 2000, Only 32 Percent Of Fourth-Graders Could

In the year 2000, only 32 percent of fourth-graders could read skillfully at grade level (â€Å"ed.gov/importance†, 2002). This is a staggering number, but all we see is that 62 percent have are able to read at grade level and that’s still a decent percentage considering it’s the entire US population. These statistics are all taken using adults ages 25 and up. To reach over the age of 25 without having attained at least your HS degree in today’s society is astounding. In 2008, when Barack Obama was still a US Senator, he campaigned to get the No Child Left Behind act fixed. During this campaign, he gave a speech at Mapleton Expeditionary School of the Arts located in Thornton Colorado. The speech was entitled â€Å"What’s Possible for our†¦show more content†¦He stated that the No Child Left Behind’s program, which was introduced in 2001 wasn’t working as well as it promised it would when it was introduced by former Preside nt Bush. By speaking the truth about the act, and its failures he now had the educators on his side. Obama takes a quote directly from Thomas Jefferson: â€Å"Talent and virtue, needed in a free society, should be educated regardless of wealth or birth† (The Denver Post, 2008). What better way to sway people’s opinions in your favor than by quoting not just a past president, but president who has his likeness carved into the side of a mountain, that mountain being Mt. Rushmore. He was attempting to show that his methods were in line with Thomas Jefferson’s. At this point we can further see that he used logic to expose the flawed education system. To show the deteriorating effects the poor education system has had on the US economy, He dropped a quite staggering metaphor in his speech by stating that â€Å"If the more than 16,000 Colorado students who dropped out of high school last year had only finished, the economy in the state would have seen an additional $4.1 billion in wages over these students’ lifetime† The Denver Post, 2008). This is an extreme example of cause and effect but it definitely drives his point across. The link between education and profits is quite obviously seen here, if you want to make moneyShow MoreRelatedThe Extent at Which Peer Group Affect Students Academic Performance5181 Words   |  21 Pagesactually help improve the overall academic performance of the peer group. †¢ In a comparison of students surveyed, 34% of African American students said that their friends make fun of people who are smart or do well in school. 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In 2013, only 39% and 38% of students tested in mathematics and reading, respectively, demonstrated that they were academically prepared for college coursework. ACT (2014) reports that 57% of that year’s graduating class took the ACT college readiness assessmentRead MoreFruit Tree Diversity And Fruit Consumption9387 Words   |  38 Pagesand food security of smallholder land users are often at risk from unpredictable harvests, land degradation and climate change (Paumgarten and Shackleton, 2011; Mertens et al., 2000; Ndoye and Kaimowitz, 2000; Sunderlin et al., 2000). Of about one billion hungry people globally, 98% live in developing countries. Seventy percent of chronically hungry people are smallholder farmers, 43% of total farmers worldwide are women and 38% of youths in Africa are working in agriculture (Conway and Wilson, 2012;

English Research Paper Free Essays

string(145) " see this is quite a process and most people do not take the time to care for it, which is why faux fur is a much better option in the long run\." Victoria Kolytiris December 8, 2010 Final Researched Argument Draft The Fears of Fur Each year the fur industry kills over 50 million animals for fashion. This astounding statement does not even include rabbits, which are among the highest to be killed each year. This is killing more than the population of South Africa alone. We will write a custom essay sample on English Research Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now To many citizens of the world, fur is a winter staple fashion item, but for others it is a cruel way of torturing an animal for their selfish wants. Fur is a fantastic way to keep warm in the winter, especially if one lives in a cold area. There are many different selections to choose from such as; beaver, chinchilla, fox, mink, seal etc. However, there are many activist groups such as PETA, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, which feel the complete opposite. Many of these people think that it is a form of murder and a completely disgusting way to wear fashion. There are many advertising campaigns that display the hatred towards this trend. It is crucial both to the environment and society to use faux fur in both fashion and within lifestyles. The education of fur can be done by learning about endangered species, the fur industry and animal cruelty. Before the reasons behind why we should switch to faux fur and boycott real fur is revealed there is a brief background that needs to be stated. Fur was one of the earliest materials that were used to make clothes. By wearing fur it showed that one was wealthy and had a high stature in society. During the 1800’s France became friendly with Russia. The Tsar of Russia came to Paris to visit his friends and while he was there the people of France took great interest in his stylish furs. Soon after, all of Europe became obsessed with fur and many of these coats were made out of Russian sable. The seal coat was the first coat to ever display its fur on the outside of the jacket. This trend started spreading to the Western countries and becoming more popular. Many animals could be sewn together in order to make a wrap or shawl for a woman. In the late 1800s Madame Isidore Paquin started designing lines of fur that were even more comfortable than before. This statement is how fur became to be what it is today. However, many would never guess what it would do to our animals. There are over 5,000 different animals that are endangered on our planet. One of the most deadly reasons we hunt for animals is for their fur. More than one in three species assessed by the World Conservation Union is threatening extinction to many different animals. Overhunting and fishing since the early days of Europeans and Americans have threatened animal species. In the United States the grizzly bear, timber wolf and bald eagle have been continuously overhunted and have gone into extinction. Supporters of the fur trade and industry much often claim that killing animals is a way to conserve and manage the wildlife. â€Å"This is untrue. Many species of wild cats such as ocelots, margays, lynx and Geoffrey’s cat are being driven to the verge of extinction by hunting and trapping. There are only 4,000-7000 snow leopards left in the world. Sea otters were driven to the very edge of extinction and, despite protection their numbers remain very low† (animalaid. org). The fur trade has gone on for years now and there is no chance in this trade stopping or animals being saved. An example of this is the Northern Fur Seal. Northern fur seals have had a dramatic population decline in recent years. â€Å"70% of the world’s 1. million northern fur seals breed and pup only on the Pribilof Islands. Due to dramatic declines in recent decades, northern fur seals are listed as depleted under the Marine Mammal Protection Act† (Schafer). Due to this astounding fact and many other cases similar to this one the fashion industry has continued to change its ways from real fur to faux fur. The fashion industry has started to become more pro faux fur and less about the usage of real animal fur. Creative director for Chanel, Karl Lagerfeld, has even changed his mind about the usage of faux fur. In an interview once before Lagerfeld made a remark many found ignorant and controversial. â€Å" Beasts would kill us if we didn’t kill them. † (Adams) Since then he has changed his whole outlook on fur and become such an avid user that he designed his new collection with only faux fur. During his winter 2010 fashion show Lagerfeld was describing how we as people need to worry more about global warming than the usage of real fur. â€Å" It’s the triumph of fake fur†¦because fur changed so much and become so great now that you can hardly see a difference. And in reality there actually is no difference at all. It has become common today to dismiss that real fur is warmer and better than faux fur. Many people assume that and they are wrong. The personnel that work in the Arctic do not wear real fur they were synthetics. Animals have fur because they are born with it on their backs and because they are alive and their blood provides the warmth that the jacket entails. Good quality fake fur is almost impossible to even tell apart from real fur. A real fur coat would probably last around 20 years or longer but it would have to be properly cared for. Being â€Å"properly cared for† means that when one puts their coat into storage it should be refrigerated for all of spring and summer and stay until fall. When it is taken out of refrigeration it needs to be cleaned and put into a washing machine full of oils and sawdust so it can have it softness back. As you can see this is quite a process and most people do not take the time to care for it, which is why faux fur is a much better option in the long run. You read "English Research Paper" in category "Free Research Paper Samples" Faux fur is an easy alternative because it is less expensive and looks and feels just the same without the maintenance, which is why activists’ continuously protest for the use of it. PETA, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, is an activist group against anything to do with torturing animals; which includes meat eating and wearing fur. This activist group is about keeping animal rights all over the world. They focus on factory farms, clothing trade, laboratories and numerous celebrities. PETA tries to educate the public about the acts of violence towards animals and the meat industry. They throw special events, fundraising, advertising campaigns; countless protests and even celebrity appearances, which make it, seem to the average person more alluring to become a member of this organization. PETA has been a part of almost every controversial ad campaign in the world. They have celebrities pose naked in order to portray their point across so people will not wear fur, eat meat or even buy a pet. Among their famous campaigns is the â€Å"I’d rather go naked than wear fur campaign. † Some of the celebrities that have been featured in these ads include Pamela Anderson, Jenna Dewan Tatum, Chad Ochocinco, Bethenny Frankel, Brody Jenner and many others. PETA has been at countless fashion shows and designer appearances protesting the usage of animal furs. However, even though PETA wants to show their caring attitude towards animals and the right of their fur they have proven to sometimes take it too far on some occasions. Some of the most controversial and memorable protests were the â€Å"We’d rather go naked than wear fur† campaign. This is when PETA volunteers stood outside a Burberry store in Washington where they were naked covered in a banner that said, â€Å"We’d rather go naked than wear fur. † As this may sound like a good use of dedication it caused much chaos and uproar in the community. Another instance was the famous Protest against Canada’s annual seal hunt. There were PETA volunteers that were dressed up as bloody seals in the middle of a road blocking traffic in front of the Canadian embassy on Pennsylvania Avenue in order to stop the hunting of seals for their fur. Another famous instance of PETA protests was during the 2004 fashion week in New York. PETA members were outside of the fashion tents in Bryant Park scaring many of the onlookers and fashionista’s by carrying bloody skinned animals with their bodies drenched with blood and fur. These protests were just a few of the instances where PETA takes their campaigns and messages a bit too far by disturbing people instead of educating them. Celebrities, PETA activists and others have seemed to jump on the bandwagon of the no fur campaigns all around the world. However, many of these people do not even stick to their morals. Being faux fur seems to be the trend for the time until celebrities magically start to rethink their decisions. â€Å"Fur is just so passe. And, in any case, Campbell (Naomi Campbell model) proved just how fickle the modern celebrity can be by soon deciding that actually, come to think of it, she would much rather wear fur than go nude, and did so on catwalk in Milan. Jay Rayner from â€Å"The Observer† describes of PETA’s â€Å"Id rather go naked than wear fur campaign and Naomi Campbell’s hypocrisy. It is just a matter of time until celebrities and activists become obsessed and â€Å"concerned† with another issue that fur will be forever forgotten (Vilensky). Many PETA activists however think differently about fur wearers. An example of many of their hate campaigns aim ed at specific people and designers is an advertisement about designer, Donna Karen, that has a bunny in the center with â€Å" bunny butcher† written under her name (PETA). They are trying to prove a point by saying she says she is against using fur in her collections but yet she still uses it. They have also been known to make unreasonable and hasty statements in the past about meat and fur lovers. â€Å" If ten people in America died of mad cow disease, in the long run it would save probably millions of lives. Because people would stop eating meat. That’s not a catty thing to say, to say- in the long run this is what I hope. † This was a quote by Bill Maher, an endorser of PETA, upon accepting his award at the Animal Rights convention in 2003. Even though some designers do not choose to follow the new â€Å"faux fur† trend there are still dozens of others that do. Some of which include Stella McCartney and Betsey Johnson. Betsey Johnson has recently come out with numerous pieces in her new line with faux fur trims, hoodies, coats and gloves. She will not allow anyone to have touched or even be seen wear a piece of article of clothing that is real. (Adams) World-renowned stylist, Rachel Zoe, has also found the beauty of wearing faux fur instead of the real thing. She is so passionate about it that she decided to design a special line for QVC. Many stores like Target, Forever 21, Walmart, HM and so have also increased the need to replace real fur with faux fur as well as faux leather. This trend has been continuously showcased in many of their lines and promoted in their advertisements because of the reality check that many of the designers have seen. One of the main reasons that this issue of faux fur versus real fur is presented is because of the underlying issue of animal cruelty. One may not realize how serious these cases really are. Animal cruelty can vary from state to state or country to country but overall it is a horrible sin that consumers have committed. Some of the unnoticed cases are within factory farming, fur farming and animal testing. These corporations neglect animals and leave them to die by starving them and putting these animals in cruel conditions. Animals on these fur farms spend most of their entire lives enduring the pain that they are put through for our own selfish wants and needs. Every fur jacket or lining of your boots come from fur farms. These animals live in tremendous conditions where they are confined to a cage full of wire and no space to spread out (Martin). Most of the fur farmers use cheap mechanisms to destroy the animals and make them into fur. A few of their tactics include suffocation, where they hang the animals from their neck until they are dead and unable to breathe, electrocution, where they stick metal rods up the animals anuses and shock them into death, and gas or poison, this is when they put them in a chamber and basically gas their life away. The animals are fed meat products that are not even good enough for humans to eat because they are full of pesticides, mold and other diseases. Moreover there is even more shocking news about the fur industry. Most of the fur that we import comes from China and half of the time even though we think we are getting some exotic furs they really turn out to be dogs and cats. There are millions of dogs and cats that are killed each year that replace the fur we wear because it is a cheaper and less expensive way to go. These precious pets are hanged, skinned alive, sometimes bled to death so they can use their fur and keep it in perfect tactful condition. The Chinese tend to mislabel their fur so there is absolutely no way to find out what kind of animal we have on our back. Among the few ways named to kill the animals there is also another mechanism, fur traps. This is when animal like coyotes, bobcats, raccoons and beavers are caught in their natural habitat and used for fur. There are a few different kinds of traps that these trappers use including Conibear traps, underwater traps, snares, but among all of these the steel-jaw is the most commonly used. This trap is so destructible it is banished in numerous amounts of states and the European Union (Martin). The process of killing these animals with the trap is vigorous and dehumanizing. When the animal is in its environment they walk into a trap and it slams down on their limb and most of the time the animal is in horrible pain that they even try to chew or gnaw their legs out of the pain. â€Å"About 1 out of 4 trapped animals escapes by chewing off his or her own leg or paw†(PETA). Often times their legs are mutilated and they bleed to death. This process of escaping the trap may last for hours and eventually they lose so much blood they go into shock, get frostbite or die. If these animals do not die from the trap than often times the hunters will kill them by strangling, stomping or beating them to death in order to not cause any harm to their fur. However, some of the time these animals do have damage to their fur so the hunters call them â€Å" trash kills† or â€Å"garbage† because they have no value anymore to them. â€Å"Up to 50% of trapped animals are discarded as â€Å"trash animals† and are not even used. † (PETA) These animals are left weeks upon weeks left alone in these traps even though state regulations require the hunters to check every 24 hours if there is an animal trapped. For all these reasons this is why people need to switch to faux fur instead of wearing the real thing. Consequently it is one of the most unnecessary acts that human beings can commit. When one wears real fur it endangers the eco system and animals as whole. Many animals become more endangered every year because of the hunting and killing of animals for fur. Before we know it we will not have any animals left to show our children, it will be a once told tale of a lion or a tiger. Fashion has even decided to work against this even though it is a huge trend to wear fur. They have come up with alternative ways to wear fur and leather that look and feel exactly the same. And finally the most crucial and important reason why we should stop wearing fur is the slaughtering and cruelty to animals. These animals are innocent creatures of our world that cause no harm to us but yet we take their lives away because we want a certain jacket or hat. How can we call ourselves citizens of the world when we commit acts of crimes towards these animals that people of society would never think about using on each other. To many fur is an amazing jacket, a part of their heritage, a way to act on issues in the world but overall it is murder and form of inhumane cruelty. None of this will ever get solved without someone taking a stance on their position so it is your turn to decide if you would â€Å" go naked than wear fur. † Works Cited Adams, Stephen. â€Å"Karl Lagerfeld Defends Fur Industry Saying ‘beasts’ Would Kill Us If We Didn’t Kill Them – Telegraph. † Latest Fashion News, Style Advice, Fashion Pictures, Fashion Shows – Telegraph. Telegraph Media Group Limited, Jan. 2009. Web. 26 Oct. 2010. http://fashion. telegraph. co. k/news-features/TMG4075783/Karl-Lagerfeld-defends-fur-industry-saying-beasts-would-kill-us-if-we-didnt-kill-them. html. Delfin, Rafael R. â€Å"Critical Beauty – Pageants and Fur Coats. † Critical Beauty – Beauty With Attitude. Jan. 2005. Web. 26 Oct. 2010. http://www. criticalbeauty. com/Pageants_Fur_Coats_ 1. html. â€Å"Donna Karen Bunny Butcher. † People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA): The Animal Rights Organization | PETA. org. PETA, 23 Oct. 2010. Web. 26 Oct. 2010. http://www. peta. org/. Liptak, Adam. â€Å"Justices Reject Ban on Videos of Animal Cruelty. † New York Times 20 Apr. 2010:A1. Print. Martin, John. Journal of Medical Ethics. † The Rights of Man and Animal Experimentation16. 3 (1990): 160-161. Web. 8 Nov. 2010. Silberman, Morton S. â€Å"Animal Welfare, Animal Rights: The Past, the Present, and the 21st Century. The Journal of Zoo Animal Medicine 19. 4 (1988) : 161-167. Web. 8 Nov. 2010. Vilensky, Mike Mike. â€Å"Anna Wintour Addresses Rumors About Leaving Vogue, Michelle Obama, the Recession, and More — The Cut. † New York Magazine — NYC Guide to Restaurants, Fashion, Nightlife, Shopping, Politics, Movies. New York Media LLC, May 2009. Web. 26 Oct. 2010. http://nymag. com/daily/fashion/2009/05/anna_wintour_speaks_ on_rumors. html. How to cite English Research Paper, Essays English Research Paper Free Essays Title: WhatsApp is the best messaging tool. Thesis statement: WhatsApp is the most popular messaging tool because there are three advantages. Introduction: Have you ever used WhatsApp to chat with your friend? WhatsApp Messenger (WhatsApp) is opened up and developed by WhatsApp Inc. We will write a custom essay sample on English Research Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now which is a science and technology company located in Silicon Valley. WhatsApp is a smartphone apps which using the network to send out message and it is available on different smartphone platform. In addition to text messaging, users can also send out images, video and audio media messages etc. The feature of WhatsApp is that it can reveal the user’s ‘last seen time’ and it can let the sender know whether the receiver has been seen the message or not. Competing with others Asia-based messaging services such as LINE, WhatsApp handles ten billion messages per day as of August 2012, growing from two billion in April 2012. The establishment of WhatsApp has replaced traditional SMS and MSN, it is because WhatsApp has bring about three positive effect to the users in daily life. That’s why WhatsApp is the best messaging tool. (1) Favorable cost of Whatsapp: Whatsapp is the cheapest messages tool in Hong Kong. According to the Whatsapp company, the Android, Nokia and BlackBerry users usually free trial for one year and pay an annual fee HKD$8 a year; Apple users pay HKD$8 to use Whatsapp permanently. Only need to connect with WIFI or Network, Whatsapp users can send to all Whatsapp users all around the world with the same fee. Compared to the fee of SMS, which has same function to send message to others by phone, SMS is more expensive than Whatsapp. The SMS fee charges based on the amount of messages sending out, while Whatsapp fee is a one time payment. Thus, if there are more messages sending out, more advantage the Whatsapp users can get. (2) Convenience of using Whatsapp: It is convenient to chat with friends at anytime, anywhere. The innovative introduction of Whatsapp application program has become very famous nowadays. The SMS installed in the mobile phone no longer restricted by message-sending service. Whatsapp allow us to send the messages photos, videos, location at the same time while you are texting a message. This is totally different from the traditional SMS only allow users to text a message. In the Whatsapp program, users can find many emotional symbols to be used. It becomes more efficient in helping the users to express their emotion as they now can choose different kinds of emotional symbols. It is also user-friendly because Whatsapp enable us to establish a group for chatting each other. This is really a surprising function that enables people to talk at the same time, this also really special for the users when they are holding for a discussion. Whatsapp become the well-known application program, one of the reason is that it has a time seen function. The time seen function can show the message sender to see whether the receiver had read the message or not by looking at the last seen time. Whatsapp can show what the status of the user is. It can also show that what is the time of the users of their last offline time is and to see whether the users is typing or not. Users no need to add their friends into the list one by one since the Whatsapp program are combined with the users’ mobile. Whatsapp is automatically connected to users’ mobile contact list. Those users’ friends who had already downloaded the Whatsapp program would be shown on the users’ Whatsapp contact list directly. It is really convenience to use. (3) Privacy: Whatsapp protect our personal privacy. WhatsApp’s privacy is better than other message tools such as Line and Wechat. First of all, there is no advertisement in WhatsApp. Users will not be disturbed when they are chatting, WhatsApp will not check users’ dialogue for collecting data and sell it to advertisers to insert advertisement, so it can protect the privacy of the users. WhatsApp do not insert advertisement because they spend time in building a service people wanted to use and maintain the stability. Second, compare with WhatsApp, the ID of Line and Wechat can be searched by strangers, by using ‘shake it’ function. When other users shake their mobile phone at the same time, they will find together. Strangers can obtain personnel information of users to commit a crime like fraud. Moreover, the most serious thing is, Wechat will monitor the dialogue of the users, all the sensitive words relate to Communist party will be filtered; users may be arrested at China. For example, Ministry of State Security of the People’s Republic of Chinacan repeat the dialogue of dissident Hu Jia, it shows China government may monitors the users. It intervene the freedom of speech among the people. Conclusion: In conclusion, WhatsApp has three main advantages to the users, which are (1) favorable cost, it is charges only HKD$8 on IPhone and Android; (2) convenience, the users can send message at anytime, anywhere; and (3) privacy, the message is not bound by any supervision. That’s why WhatsApp can be the most popular mobile messaging app rapidly in recent years. It also evidence that the information technology has a great progress in recent years. It is beneficial to human. How to cite English Research Paper, Essays

Innovation and Sustainable Business Development for Supply Chain

Question: Discuss about theInnovation and Sustainable Business Development for Supply Chain. Answer: With the rapid global changes in recent decades, it has become increasingly crucial for business corporations to ensure value generations and profit-making activities simultaneously. The colossal growth of information technology has unleashed the power of public media, which, in turn, has raised questions over the value chain of business corporations, small and large alike. As a result, a wide range of organisations are revamping their value-chain mechanism, apparel industry being one of them. Growing concern over sourcing of raw material and supply chain relations have compelled major players of this industry to reconsider their existing business models and adapt to new ones that can successfully exhibit both the elements of innovation and sustainable business practice. Levi Strauss Co. is one such company that has adapted to a new type of business model for enhancing their value chain management and also to implement sustainability in their business. The thesis statement of this paper is adopting an e-business archetype can help a business to successfully incorporate sustainability and innovative elements into business. The validity of this statement will be ascertained after a critical analysis on business model and its associated niches. Now, in order to delve into the debate over appropriate business model that should be practiced by Levi Strauss Co. it is imperative to define the term business model. In the opinion of DaSilva Trkman (2014), business model can be referred to as a conceptual tool containing a set of elements required for successfully operating a business, recognising the revenue sources and forecast the finance details accordingly. In other words, business model is the way through which an organisation generates revenue and earns profit from organisational operations. Naturally, a typical business model consists of several sub-sections, such as, ecosystem, offer, customer and finance (Zott Amit, 2013). Figure 1: Basic elements of Business Model and their inter-relationships (Source: Bocken et al. 2013, p.12) Now, in case of Levi Strauss, incorporating a sustainable business model would offer several benefits such as providing value to stakeholders, the society and the environment. In this way, selecting a sustainable business model can help the organisation to earn profit with added value (Bocken et al. 2013). Levis Strauss Co. operates through a franchise model in Australia (Levis.com.au, 2016). They manufacture and distribute their products both through online and brick-and-mortar stores. In order to address the concerns over supply chain and value generation processes, the company need to incorporate sustainability into their business model. Following this lead, the business archetypes can be discussed here. As stated by Bocken et al. (2014), the concept of archetype is borrowed from Carl Jungs concept of personality archetypes, which described the core personalities derived from the society to build a unique personality. Similarly, business archetype also refers to the fundamental ideas that are embodied in a business. Euchner Ganguly (2014) has identified three primary types of business archetypes, namely product, service and trade. In addition, there are also four other secondary archetypes that accounts for the success for a business, such as, brokerage, marketplace, subscription and ecosystem. From this point of view, an e-business archetype entails both the elements of primary as well as secondary archetypes. In this case, all three primary archetypes are included, while the secondary archetype used in e-business is marketplace. Through an effective combination of these archetypes Levi Strauss Co. operates their business in Australia. Similarly, Zott Amit (2013) has mentioned that activity system can be defined as a series of activities performed by an organization as well its stakeholders (vendors, partners and customers). Therefore, interdependency is a crucial element in activity system that helps to gain a deeper understanding on the organisational activities. Such interdependencies are created and managed by business managers, who mould the organisational activities for linking different types of transactions into a close-knit system. However, as Zott Amit (2017) has pointed out, activity system can also lead to increased competition as the type of business model is directly related with the extent of competition. In other words, the stronger the competition, the tougher value generation process will be. In the opinion of Zott Amit (2015), three primary design elements of an activity system include content, structure and governance. While content here implies the selection of suitable activities such as procurement of raw materials, structure denotes how relationship between different activities. In addition, it also incorporates the significance of different activities in a business model. The third element that is governance is involved with administration of respective activities. In this case of Levi Strauss Co. content would incorporate acquisition of raw materials, production, marketing and delivery. Similarly, governance in case of Australia can be cited as Franchising, the approach through which this company operates their business in Australia. In case of activity system structure, it is imperative to focus on the value chain process of this organisation. As stated by Porter Heppelmann (2015), value chain is a series of activities performed by an organisation for delivering valuable products or services to the customers. Therefore, in case of Levi Strauss Co., value chain entails the decision making process, sourcing raw materials, manufacturing products and finally delivering them to market. Levi Strauss being a major player in Australian clothing industry, their value chain is essentially aimed at maximising margin while optimising the primary activities so that maximum output can be derived from the support activities. Figure 2: Cost-Revenue Architecture Continuum (Source: Nas, 2016, p.277) On the other hand, cost-revenue architecture depicts how a business can reshape their business model for pursuing a greater sales margin (Iacob et al. 2014). Figure 2 illustrates the different elements of this architecture. While on one end there is commodity product (for example Levis Jeans) signifying high scale and low margin, luminary constant resided on the other end - exhibiting high margin and low scale. Spieth, Schneckenberg Ricart (2014) has suggested that in order to align this revenue architecture into existing business model of Levi Strauss Co., three major factors should be taken into account, namely business strategy, systems and programs. Here, strategy will help to align the marketing strategy with existing business model and the system will augment sales by integrating business channels, brand, people and business processes into one unit. Similarly, programs such as buyer engagement campaign will, help to make the marketing and sales more intensive and effective as well. Now that these three types of business models have been critically evaluated, their role in addressing the static and dynamic problems faced by Levi Strauss in Australia can be explained. As for this company, static problems would be underdeveloped infrastructure (roads, resources, electricity and so on). On the other hand, dynamic problems can be denoted as consumer preferences, inflation, waste generation, ecological degradation and so on (Asl Wong, 2017). Based on the discussion made above, it can be postulated that adopting a calculated business archetype, with suitable proportion of activity system, cost-revenue architecture and e-business model, could help Levi Strauss Co. to address these problems effectively. For example, the clothing manufacturer earlier used a Take-Make-Waste model in their business. Under this model, the company procured raw materials from different vendors, manufactured clothing materials and delivered the produced goods to the market, generating a large amount of waste meanwhile. Naturally, it was an unsustainable business model. In order to address the dynamic problems such as waste management, ensuring ecological balance, the company needs to adopt Borrow-Use-Return model. This model not only helps an organisation to contribute their business optimally but also take-care of the well-being of the environment. Thus, it is a sustainable business model and can benefit Levi Strauss Co. Furthermore, understanding the business context of Levi Strauss Co. is also equally significant as without this knowledge the gravity and implications of managers decision making process could not be ascertained. Based on the actors such as people, nature of organisation and organisational system, it can be stated that Levi Strauss Co. operates in a highly competitive Australian clothing market. As Bostrm Micheletti (2016) have stated, taste for clothing changes over time and this is reflected in customers preferences. Naturally, change is inevitable in this industry and this organisation is also subject to this change. 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